Piano,Vocal,Voice - Level 3 - Digital Download SKU: A0.942058 Composed by Apostolos Paraskevas. 20th Century,Jazz,Opera,World. Score. 10 pages. Silver Sickle Publications #4729017. Published by Silver Sickle Publications (A0.942058). This witty and extremely fun work to perform by composer Apostolos Paraskevas was conceived after real events. There is a version for Soprano/tenor and Piano and one for guitar as well. Easy to perform and the text was inspired of the following narrative. I Slaughtered an Orange over the Sink... ...and it just sat there…It didn't say a word, not a sound of anguish, not even when my teeth started to tear apart it's flesh little by little... I knew it was a special orange but I couldn't fathom the magnitude of its character…Even when gentle I took it away from its friends there at the top of the kitchen counter, it looked at me almost with a sense of gratitude. Yes, gratitude.! As if it was saying: Thank you! Thank you for helping me to fulfill the purpose of my life…Since I was a little seed I knew I would serve a higher purpose. My sacrifice will help a human to become a healthier mother, doctor, composer, a better scientist. Yes, I think I felt it said…a better composer as well. ...and there I was, sinking my teeth deep inside its flesh and taking all of what it had to offer. It's life, it's substance, it's gratitude for serving a higher purpose. I slaughtered it over the sink, to avoid any evidence of what had happen there. The remaining outer sell, I placed it on the stove top and lighted up with fire, as my mother use to do, to release the heavenly smell and there it was. Evaporated everywhere! I inhale it, It became totally a part of me. Today, I slaughtered an orange over the sink and I didn’t say thank you!   Apostolos Paraskevas is a classical guitarist and composer as well as an award-winning film director and producer. He has received multiple international awards for his compositions and was nominated for a Grammy Award. He is the only guitarist ever to have a major orchestral piece performed at Carnegie Hall under the direction of Lukas Foss––and the only musician who has performed there in a Grim Reaper outfit. He was the founder and served for 16 years as the artistic director of the International Guitar Congress-Festival of Corfu, Greece.  He is a voting member of the Recording Academy (Grammys).   After his undergraduate music studies in Volos he pursued advanced studies in classical guitar with Costas Cotsiolis (diploma, 1990) and Leo Brouwer (Havana 1984, 1988), as well as postgraduate studies in composition with Lukas Foss and Theodore Antoniou (DMA in composition, Boston University, 1998). Paraskevas embarked on a successful career as a guitar soloist and contemporary composer, achieving distinctions in both disciplines: Grammy nomination for Chase Dance (Bridge Records, 1999); first prize for Night Wanderings (Lukas Foss Composition Competition, 2000); first prize for Phygein Adynaton (National Composers Conference, 1997); and numerous prestigious commissions, performances, and publications. Following teaching posts at Northeastern and Boston Universities, Paraskevas has taught since 2001 at the Berklee College of Music in Boston (professor of composition and classical guitar). His eclectic compositional style arises as an idiosyncratic integration of seemingly conflicting influences – from avant-garde approaches to harmonic structure, form, and timbre, to pop-folk modal and rhythmical concepts – amalgamated into a personal evocative musical language, characterized by rhythmic verve, melodic grace, dramatic (and sometimes unexpectedly humorous) gestures, and ritualistic or theatrical elements. The latter feature has also led Paraskevas to the creation of films, notably the acclaimed I Finally Did It (Gold award, California Film Awards 2010), dealing wittily with Death, a recurring extra-musical theme in his music. The Groves Dictionary of Music Costas.

Piano,Vocal,Voice - Level 2 - Digital Download SKU: A0.1010931 Composed by Mark Kieswetter, Gregor Rice. Arranged by Kieswetter~Rice. Broadway,Christmas,Film/TV,Musical/Show,Pop. Score. 6 pages. Gregor Rice Publishing #2919581. Published by Gregor Rice Publishing (A0.1010931). Kieswetter~Rice: Mark Kieswetter & Gregor Rice have been writing beautiful music since the early 1980s, highly awarded and dearly loved.  This is just one of them, finally recorded 2016.  We can be contacted via Gregor Rice: ieshea@frontier.com or Mark Kieswetter: mkieswetter@gmail.com and on FaceBook, our PRO is BMI, Published via Gregor Rice Publishing, on the RiceSound label.  Get more backing tracks as well as the original song in vocal, instrumental and backing tracks at www.broadjam.com/atchristmastime Like all our work, it's most appropriate for any public performance; stage and screen, TV/film, Broadway, church, schools, universities, military offerings, or solo, this, a holiday selection, warm and cozy.  This rendition is in the key of Ab.  Music: Kieswetter~Rice, Lyrics: Rice   Sheet music by Prof. Mark Kays, Chair/Dept. of Music, Trine University.It most certainly brings at least a few minutes of peace and comfort to all who sing and hear.  Encoded with many blessings, it could be at least a temporary solution to the world peace problem, or so we'd sincerely intend it to be.  If enough people would jump on the bandwagon, so to speak, it could easily blanket our entire Earth and all Her people with peace and comfort, safety and relief, and feeling a sense of home, whether home... or not.  Looking at the big picture... if you're on Earth, you're 'home.'  Find all our comforts of home here: www.atchristmastime.tarajories.com So far, we offer the sheet music available here in 2 keys, Ab the original, and easier play, D in both lead/lyric sheet and vocal with piano accompaniment formats.  Forthcoming, will be the entire score following the full recording due out holiday season 2016.  Additional mp3 renditions and styles in at www.broadjam.com/atchristmastime In 3/4 time at 96 BPM it offers 3:42 minutes of comfort, relaxation, and a serious sense of relief.  Notice for yourself.  You can also sing along with any of our Karaoke tracks in various styles & keys at broadjam.com/atchirstmastime and  post your rendition to YT!  What a surprise homecoming gift this would be!  Need a new key?  RSVP.  We'll upload it.  Either way, look for a special blessing for yourself or gift it to someone, each time you sing it.  Sink into its sense of safety, comfort, peace, and joy, and feel at home wherever you are, whenever you sing or listen to this song. Let's blanket our entire Mother Earth with peace and plenty, safety, love, warmth, and healing for a maxed-out planet and a maxed-out people with this gifted song.  Remember to envision et al blanketing Mother Earth, all the people, flora and fauna, in a warm fuzzy blanket of love, peace, and healing every time.  In performance practice sessions, take a selfie or groupie before, notice your state, and your aura if you see them, and again after your practice session, just for grins.  Notice what you notice, and see as well as feel the difference.  Post your extraordinary results to FB & YT.  It isn't just music anymore, Toto.Historical content?  Actually written in 1984 in Maumee, OH, this song was officially copyrighted in 1986.  1987 Gregor was whisked out of state to a new locale where attendance to making a living else wise became the mode o' day like most compose/lyricists.  Mark, one of the most gifted jazz artists on the planet, continued his dailies teaching, gigging, and studio work.  Many beautiful songs fell through the cracks while Gregor, and equally gifted composer~lyri.

Piano,Vocal,Voice - Level 2 - Digital Download SKU: A0.1010930 Composed by Mark Kieswetter, Gregor Rice and Mark Kieswetter, Gregor Rice. Arranged by Kieswetter~Rice and Kieswetter~Rice. Broadway,Christmas,Film/TV,Musical/Show,Pop. Score. 6 pages. Gregor Rice Publishing #2919575. Published by Gregor Rice Publishing (A0.1010930). Kieswetter~Rice: Mark Kieswetter & Gregor Rice have been writing beautiful music since the early 1980s, highly awarded and dearly loved.  This is just one of them, finally recorded 2016.  We can be contacted via Gregor Rice: ieshea@frontier.com or Mark Kieswetter: mkieswetter@gmail.com and on FaceBook, our PRO is BMI, Published via Gregor Rice Publishing, on the RiceSound label.  Get more backing tracks as well as the original song in vocal, instrumental and backing tracks at www.broadjam.com/atchristmastime Like all our work, it's most appropriate for any public performance; stage and screen, TV/film, Broadway, church, schools, universities, military offerings, or solo, this, a holiday selection, warm and cozy.  This rendition is in the key of Ab.  Music: Kieswetter~Rice, Lyrics: Rice  Sheet music by Prof. Mark Kays, Chair/Dept. of Music, Trine University.It most certainly brings at least a few minutes of peace and comfort to all who sing and hear.  Encoded with many blessings, it could be at least a temporary solution to the world peace problem, or so we'd sincerely intend it to be.  If enough people would jump on the bandwagon, so to speak, it could easily blanket our entire Earth and all Her people with peace and comfort, safety and relief, and feeling a sense of home, whether home... or not.  Looking at the big picture, if you're on Earth, you're 'home.'  Find all our comforts of home here: www.atchristmastime.tarajories.com So far, we offer the sheet music available here in 2 keys, Ab the original, and easier play, D in both lead/lyric sheet and vocal with piano accompaniment formats.  Forthcoming, will be the entire score following the full recording due out holiday season 2016.  Additional mp3 renditions and styles in at www.broadjam.com/atchristmastime  In 3/4 time at 96 BPM it offers 3:42 minutes of comfort, relaxation, and a serious sense of relief.  Notice for yourself.  You can also sing along with any of our Karaoke tracks in various styles & keys at broadjam.com/atchirstmastime and  post your rendition to YT!  What a surprise homecoming gift this would be!  Need a new key?  RSVP.  We'll upload it.  Either way, look for a special blessing for yourself or gift it to someone, each time you sing it.  Sink into its sense of safety, comfort, peace, and joy, and feel at home wherever you are, whenever you sing or listen to this song. Let's blanket our entire Mother Earth with peace and plenty, safety, love, warmth, and healing for a maxed-out planet and a maxed-out people with this gifted song.  Remember to envision et al blanketing Mother Earth, all the people, flora and fauna, in a warm fuzzy blanket of love, peace, and healing every time.  In performance practice sessions, take a selfie or groupie before, notice your state, and your aura if you see them, and again after your practice session, just for grins.  Notice what you notice, and see as well as feel the difference.  Post your extraordinary results to FB & YT.  It isn't just music anymore, Toto.Historical content?  Actually written in 1984 in Maumee, OH, this song was officially copyrighted in 1986.  1987 Gregor was whisked out of state to a new locale where attendance to making a living else wise became the mode o' day like most compose/lyricists.  Mark, one.

Piano and voice - Digital Download SKU: LV.17713 Composed by T. Stratford Damer. Cemeteries, Trees, Churches, Mothers & children, Death, Emotion--pain, Prayer. Lester S. Levy Collection. 5 pages. Published by Johns Hopkins University Sheridan Libraries (LV.17713). To My Mother. The Lament. Poetry by D.P. Hoffman M.D. Music & accompaniments by T. Stratford Damer. Published 1858 by G. Willig, Jr. in Baltimore. Composition of strophic with piano and voice instrumentation. Subject headings for this piece include Cemetaries, Trees, Churches, Mothers & children, Death, Emotion--pain, Prayer. First line reads When sable darkness cloth'd the earth, And nightfall spread around.. About The Lester S. Levy CollectionThe Lester S. Levy Collection of Sheet Music consists of over 29,000 pieces of American popular music. Donated to Johns Hopkins University Sheridan Libraries, the collection's strength is its thorough documentation of nineteenth-century American through popular music. This sheet music has been provided by Project Gado, a San Francisco Bay Area startup whose mission is to digitize and share the world's visual history.WARNING: These titles are provided as historical documents. Language and concepts within reflect the opinions and values of the time and may be offensive to some.

Piano and voice - Digital Download SKU: LV.21456 Composed by C.E. Able. Arranged by E.M. Parnum. Battlefields, War casualties, Mothers & children, Friendship, Patriotism. Lester S. Levy Collection. 5 pages. Published by Johns Hopkins University Sheridan Libraries (LV.21456). Tell Mother Good Bye For Me. Composed by C.E. Able. Arranged by E.M. Parnum. Published 1898 by Fort Worth Music Co. in Fort Worth, Texas. Composition of strophic with chorus with piano and voice instrumentation. Subject headings for this piece include Battlefields, War casualties, Mothers & children, Friendship, Patriotism. First line reads After the battle was over, after the vict'ry was won.. About The Lester S. Levy CollectionThe Lester S. Levy Collection of Sheet Music consists of over 29,000 pieces of American popular music. Donated to Johns Hopkins University Sheridan Libraries, the collection's strength is its thorough documentation of nineteenth-century American through popular music. This sheet music has been provided by Project Gado, a San Francisco Bay Area startup whose mission is to digitize and share the world's visual history.WARNING: These titles are provided as historical documents. Language and concepts within reflect the opinions and values of the time and may be offensive to some.

Piano,Vocal,Voice - Level 3 - Digital Download SKU: A0.958060 Composed by Jenny McKinney. Arranged by Rebecca Brinkerhoff. Christian,Contemporary,Sacred,Spiritual. Score. 3 pages. Jenny McKinney #3222331. Published by Jenny McKinney (A0.958060). (for Danny) Taken from the Empty Arms Companion Songbook, this song is written for a mother and father who have lost a child. The male solo voice will bring a gentleness to the message of this song, that they look down from Heaven and will be near, as long as they are needed. The Empty Arms collection of stories and Companion Songbook can be purchased in their entirety at www.jennymckinneymusic.com. Special thanks to Tami Creamer, Tori Ingram, Caylea Ingram, Christine Jardine, and Kerry Richards for their help on this project.

Piano and voice - Digital Download SKU: LV.22254 Composed by Charles Carroll Sawyer. Civil War--Union, War casualties, Mothers & children, Deathbeds. Lester S. Levy Collection. 6 pages. Published by Johns Hopkins University Sheridan Libraries (LV.22254). Mother Would Comfort Me. Song and Chorus. Words and Music Composed by Charles Carroll Sawyer. Published 1863 by Sawyer & Thompson, 59 Fulton Avenue in Brooklyn, N.Y. Composition of strophic with chorus with piano and voice instrumentation. Subject headings for this piece include Civil War--Union, War casualties, Mothers & children, Deathbeds. First line reads Wounded and sorrowful, far from my home, sick among strangers, uncared for, unknown.. About The Lester S. Levy CollectionThe Lester S. Levy Collection of Sheet Music consists of over 29,000 pieces of American popular music. Donated to Johns Hopkins University Sheridan Libraries, the collection's strength is its thorough documentation of nineteenth-century American through popular music. This sheet music has been provided by Project Gado, a San Francisco Bay Area startup whose mission is to digitize and share the world's visual history.WARNING: These titles are provided as historical documents. Language and concepts within reflect the opinions and values of the time and may be offensive to some.

Piano and voice - Digital Download SKU: LV.4861 Composed by Arthur M. Cohen. Mothers & children, Death, Keepsakes, Comfort. Lester S. Levy Collection. 4 pages. Published by Johns Hopkins University Sheridan Libraries (LV.4861). A Lock of Mother's Hair. Song and Chorus. Words and Music by Arthur M. Cohen. Published 1888 by Chas. W. Held, 227 Fulton St. in Brooklyn, N.Y. Composition of strophic with chorus with piano and voice instrumentation. Subject headings for this piece include Mothers & children, Death, Keepsakes, Comfort. First line reads I have a treasure rare, that I cherish with great care.. About The Lester S. Levy CollectionThe Lester S. Levy Collection of Sheet Music consists of over 29,000 pieces of American popular music. Donated to Johns Hopkins University Sheridan Libraries, the collection's strength is its thorough documentation of nineteenth-century American through popular music. This sheet music has been provided by Project Gado, a San Francisco Bay Area startup whose mission is to digitize and share the world's visual history.WARNING: These titles are provided as historical documents. Language and concepts within reflect the opinions and values of the time and may be offensive to some.

Piano and voice - Digital Download SKU: LV.3670 Composed by John P. Ordway. Dwellings, Trees, Mothers & children, Children playing, Toys, Pets, Dogs, Hills, Panoramic views, Fences, Chairs, Bodies of water, Homesickness, Comfort. Lester S. Levy Collection. 4 pages. Published by Johns Hopkins University Sheridan Libraries (LV.3670). Dreaming of Home & Mother. Song and Chorus. Poetry and Music by John P. Ordway, M.D. Published 1868 by G.D. Russell & Company, No. 186 Tremont St. in Boston. Composition of strophic with chorus with piano and voice instrumentation. Subject headings for this piece include Dwellings, Trees, Mothers & children, Children playing, Toys, Pets, Dogs, Hills, Panoramic views, Fences, Chairs, Bodies of water, Homesickness, Comfort. First line reads Dreaming of home, dear old home! Home of my childhood and Mother.. About The Lester S. Levy CollectionThe Lester S. Levy Collection of Sheet Music consists of over 29,000 pieces of American popular music. Donated to Johns Hopkins University Sheridan Libraries, the collection's strength is its thorough documentation of nineteenth-century American through popular music. This sheet music has been provided by Project Gado, a San Francisco Bay Area startup whose mission is to digitize and share the world's visual history.WARNING: These titles are provided as historical documents. Language and concepts within reflect the opinions and values of the time and may be offensive to some.

Piano and voice - Digital Download SKU: LV.8442 Composed by Sigmund Romberg. Portraits, Military parades & ceremonies, Sadness, Comfort, Love. Lester S. Levy Collection. 5 pages. Published by Johns Hopkins University Sheridan Libraries (LV.8442). Mother. Music by Sigmund Romberg. Lyrics by Rida Johnson Young. Published 1916 by G. Schirmer in New York. Composition of strophic with chorus with piano and voice instrumentation. Subject headings for this piece include Portraits, Military parades & ceremonies, Sadness, Comfort, Love. First line reads Little tender mothersong, from childhood's days remembered.. About The Lester S. Levy CollectionThe Lester S. Levy Collection of Sheet Music consists of over 29,000 pieces of American popular music. Donated to Johns Hopkins University Sheridan Libraries, the collection's strength is its thorough documentation of nineteenth-century American through popular music. This sheet music has been provided by Project Gado, a San Francisco Bay Area startup whose mission is to digitize and share the world's visual history.WARNING: These titles are provided as historical documents. Language and concepts within reflect the opinions and values of the time and may be offensive to some.

Piano and voice - Digital Download SKU: LV.22398 Composed by Harry Buckline. Mothers & children, War casualties, Death, Grief, Prayer, Civil War--Union, Patriotism. Lester S. Levy Collection. 4 pages. Published by Johns Hopkins University Sheridan Libraries (LV.22398). Tell me of My Darling Boy, or, The Mother's Reply to Just Before the Battle. Song and Chorus. By Harry Buckline. Published 1864 by W.W. Whitney, 151 Summit Street in Toledo, Ohio. Composition of strophic with chorus with piano and voice instrumentation. Subject headings for this piece include Mothers & children, War casualties, Death, Grief, Prayer, Civil War--Union, Patriotism. First line reads Tell me of my darling boy, is he living, is he dead?.. About The Lester S. Levy CollectionThe Lester S. Levy Collection of Sheet Music consists of over 29,000 pieces of American popular music. Donated to Johns Hopkins University Sheridan Libraries, the collection's strength is its thorough documentation of nineteenth-century American through popular music. This sheet music has been provided by Project Gado, a San Francisco Bay Area startup whose mission is to digitize and share the world's visual history.WARNING: These titles are provided as historical documents. Language and concepts within reflect the opinions and values of the time and may be offensive to some.

Piano,Vocal,Voice - Level 4 - Digital Download SKU: A0.1233352 Composed by Adrienne Inglis (ASCAP). 21st Century,Classical,Country,Pop. Score. 45 pages. Adrienne Inglis (ASCAP) #828940. Published by Adrienne Inglis (ASCAP) (A0.1233352). Sing one, two, or all six of these expressive and charming songs for soprano and piano!Most Importantly, Loves (2021) by Adrienne Inglis (ASCAP), as a six-song cycle for soprano and pianoText — six letters by Maureen Broy PapovichDuration 25:00Difficulty 4 intermediate/advancedProgram note — Most Importantly, Loves (2021), a song cycle for soprano and piano composed by Adrienne Inglis (ASCAP), was commissioned by Maureen Broy Papovich whose six letters furnish the text. She wrote letters to various close family members with tender messages overflowing with admiration, affection, and hope. The songs look at each beloved relative as seen through the prism of the author’s caring eyes and heart. Rooted in moody Dorian mode, the lyrical melodies of R. J. overlay a more brooding, restless piano part. Lucy sports a bit of a jazzy lilt and sassy attitude. The infectious laugh of Camryn and the remarkable resemblance to her late father underpin this quick syncopated C major number. Brendan reflects his exuberant love of life and devastating self-destructive addiction with radical tonality and tempo changes. Mira has an encouraging message for a young person in D mixolydian with soothing piano texture. Jonah’s long lines soar over lush expansive harmonies grounded in B flat major to form a soft fleece blanket of comforting sound and boundless unconditional parental love. — Adrienne InglisThe impetus for the poems that became the song cycle “Most Importantly Loves� started a decade ago. My brother died suddenly in 2011 at the age of 42. He left all of us behind including his daughters, my nieces, when they were ages six years and six months. My father and mother died a short time later, within months of each other in 2013 and 2014. Finally, in 2017 my 27-year-old nephew died of a drug overdose. This intense period of loss brought and continues to bring about many feelings of regret in addition to so much more. When my nephew died, my son Jonah, developed an intense anxiety about losing us, his parents. I felt compelled to express my feelings, the fear of my own mortality, the anxiety of leaving behind loved ones, combined with words said and unsaid to those lost. “Love letters� is my gift to the six young people I care most about. These songs, exquisitely set to music by my friend and composer Adrienne Inglis, express my deep love for each of my loved ones and also, hopefully, provide them with a piece of writing that they can use as a source of strength when life becomes particularly challenging. —  Maureen Broy PapovichPlaylist of Oct. 22, 2022 performance:https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLY9Jh0jT7VQsLBdIik5wJRjE6Qhu_5IZD.

Piano and voice - Digital Download SKU: LV.2240 Composed by G.A. Hodson. Portraits, Mothers & children, Couples, Knights, Daggers & swords, Death, Grief. Lester S. Levy Collection. 6 pages. Published by Johns Hopkins University Sheridan Libraries (LV.2240). The Motherless. Composed by G.A. Hodson. Published [n.d.] by James L. Hewitt & Co., 137 Broadway in New York. Composition of strophic with piano and voice instrumentation. Subject headings for this piece include Portraits, Mothers & children, Couples, Knights, Daggers & swords, Death, Grief. First line reads Ah! say not thou art lonely now, while I am by thy side!.. About The Lester S. Levy CollectionThe Lester S. Levy Collection of Sheet Music consists of over 29,000 pieces of American popular music. Donated to Johns Hopkins University Sheridan Libraries, the collection's strength is its thorough documentation of nineteenth-century American through popular music. This sheet music has been provided by Project Gado, a San Francisco Bay Area startup whose mission is to digitize and share the world's visual history.WARNING: These titles are provided as historical documents. Language and concepts within reflect the opinions and values of the time and may be offensive to some.

Piano and voice - Digital Download SKU: LV.10498 Composed by Jennie Lindsay. Mothers & children, Aged persons, Love. Lester S. Levy Collection. 3 pages. Published by Johns Hopkins University Sheridan Libraries (LV.10498). The Canadian Musical Library. Always Take Mother's Advice. Song and Chorus. Words and Music by Jennie Lindsay. Published [n.d.] by in n.p. Composition of strophic with chorus with piano and voice instrumentation. Subject headings for this piece include Mothers & children, Aged persons, Love. First line reads Always take mother's advice.. About The Lester S. Levy CollectionThe Lester S. Levy Collection of Sheet Music consists of over 29,000 pieces of American popular music. Donated to Johns Hopkins University Sheridan Libraries, the collection's strength is its thorough documentation of nineteenth-century American through popular music. This sheet music has been provided by Project Gado, a San Francisco Bay Area startup whose mission is to digitize and share the world's visual history.WARNING: These titles are provided as historical documents. Language and concepts within reflect the opinions and values of the time and may be offensive to some.

Piano and voice - Digital Download SKU: LV.2659 Composed by Alice Hawthorne. Parlors, Mothers & children, Domestic life, Love. Lester S. Levy Collection. 3 pages. Published by Johns Hopkins University Sheridan Libraries (LV.2659). What is Home Without a Mother. Popular Song and Chorus. Edited by A. Dobigny. Alice Hawthorne. Published [n.d.] by E. Donajowski, 8 Winsley St. in London. Composition of strophic with chorus with piano and voice instrumentation. Subject headings for this piece include Parlors, Mothers & children, Domestic life, Love. First line reads What is home without a Mother? What are all the joys we meet.. About The Lester S. Levy CollectionThe Lester S. Levy Collection of Sheet Music consists of over 29,000 pieces of American popular music. Donated to Johns Hopkins University Sheridan Libraries, the collection's strength is its thorough documentation of nineteenth-century American through popular music. This sheet music has been provided by Project Gado, a San Francisco Bay Area startup whose mission is to digitize and share the world's visual history.WARNING: These titles are provided as historical documents. Language and concepts within reflect the opinions and values of the time and may be offensive to some.